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july 2016 ? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver features ? the simplest direct ac led driver with only two external rc passive components ? wide ac input range: 90~ 305 v ac ? four integrated high-voltage led constant current sinks of up to 75 ma rms input current capability ? high power factor (above 0.98 in normal configuration) low harmonic content (thd under 20 % in normal configuration) ? low flicker index by self valley fill with no degradation of pf and thd ? adjustable led power with an external current sense resistor ? triac dimmable (leading/trailing edge) ? rheostat dimmable flexible led forward voltage configuration ? power scalability with multiple driver ics ? over-temperature protection (otp) ? compact soic 8-l ead package applications ? general led driving solution for residential, commercial and industrial lighting description the FL77904 is a direct ac line led driver with a minimal number of external rc passive components. in normal configuration, one resistor adjusts led current for desired system luminance and another bypass capacitor provides a stable voltage to an internal biasin g shunt regulator. the FL77904 provides phase-cut dimming with wide dimming range, smooth dimming control and good dimmer compatibility. optimized levels of each led strings current regulation achieve over 0.98 high pf and less than 20% low thd whi ch makes the FL77904 suitable for high-efficiency led lighting systems. the FL77904 can be also used with a simple rheostat dimmer switches which are suitable for desktop or indoor lamps. flicker index is significantly improved by using proprietary self valley fill technique without degrading pf and thd. the cost effective solution brings low line ripple light quality with system compactness. operation of FL77904 admits driving higher-wattage systems, such as street lights and down lights, by simply parallel connecting the driver ics. ordering information part number operating temperature range package packing method FL77904mx -40 to 125c 8-lead, small outline integrated circuit (soic) jedec ms012 150 narrow body , exposed pad 2,500 per reel
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904? rev. 1. 1 2 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver typical application fuse m.o.v bridge rectifier vin vdd cs gnd led1led2 led3 led4 FL77904 c vdd 0.1f, 50v r cs 1% gnd 2k (option) forward voltage (v f ) across each led group is adjustable as desired. figure 1. ty pical application schematic block diagram vin led1 led2 led3 led4 2 3 4 5 7 shunt regulator led current modulator over- temperature protection led current feedback 8 vdd 6 gnd cs 1 figure 2. simplified FL77904 block diagram
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 3 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver pin configuration 2 3 8 6 1 4 7 5 vin led1 led2 led3 vdd cs gnd led4 figure 3. pin configuration (top view) thermal characteristics (1) (2) component package ? ja (1s pcb) ? ja (2s2p pcb) units FL77904 mx 8-lead, small outline integrated circuit (soic) jedec ms012 150 narrow body, exposed pad 156 37 c/w notes: 1. ja : thermal resistance between junction and ambient, dependent on the pcb design, heat sinking, and airflow. the value given is for natural convection with no heatsink usin g the 1s and 2s2p boards, as specified in jedec standards jesd51-2, jesd51-5, and jesd51-7, as appropriate. 2. junction- to -ambient thermal resistance is highly dependent on applica tion and pcb layout. in application where the device dissipates high levels of power during operation, sp ecial care of thermal dissipation issues in pcb design must be taken. pin definitions pin# name description 1 vin rectified ac input voltage . connect this pin to rectified ac voltage after a bridge rectifier. 2 led1 led string cathodes . connect cathode(s) of each led group to these pins. 3 led2 4 led3 5 led4 6 gnd ground reference pin . tie this pin directly to local ground plane. this ground sho uld not be tied to earth ground because it is not isolated from ac mains. 7 cs led current sense . limits the led current depending on voltage across sensing resi stor. the cs pin is used to set the led current regulation target. 8 vdd internal biasing shunt regulator output . this pin supplies current to internal circuitry. a 17 -v shunt regulator is internally connected to this pin. a bypa ssing capacitor is recommended to be added to reduce noise from vin. 0 ep exposed thermal pad . ep is not tied to gnd inside the ic. it is recommended to tie it to gnd externally.
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 4 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver absolute maximum ratings stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may dama ge the device. the device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. in addition, extended exposure to stresses above the reco mmended operating conditions may affect device reliability . the absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. symbol parameter min. max. unit v in vin voltage -0.3 500 v v led1 led1 pin voltage -0.3 500 v v led2 led2 pin voltage -0.3 500 v v led3 led3 pin voltage -0.3 500 v v led4 led4 pin voltage -0.3 200 v v cs cs pin voltage -0.3 6 v t j junction temperature - 55 +1 50 oc t stg storage temperature - 65 + 150 oc i led1 led1 current 60 ma i led2 led2 current 80 ma i led3 led3 current 100 ma i led4 led4 current 150 ma notes: 3. stress beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may ca use permanent damage to the device. 4. all voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with re spect to the gnd pin. 5. human body model, ansi/esda/jedec js-001-2012: 0.8 kv at pins 1~4, 0.4 kv at pin 5, 1.5 kv at pins 7~8. 6. charged device model, jesd22-c101: 1.0 kv at pins 1~8. recommended operating conditions the recommended operating conditions table defines the condi tions for actual device operation. recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal perfo rmance to the datasheet specifications. fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to absolute maximum rating s. symbol parameter min. max. unit t j operating junction temperature - 40 + 12 5 c
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 5 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver electrical characteristics unless otherwise noted, r cs = 10 , and t a = 25c. currents are defined as positive into the device and negat ive out of the device. symbol parameter conditions min. typ. max. unit vin supply i quies.vin v in quiescent current v in = 500 v maximum 0.75 1.20 ma vdd output v dd vdd voltage v in = 20. 0 v 16 17 18 v led current i led1 led1 current v in = 20.0 v, v led1 = 20.0 v 17.4 23 .0 28.6 ma i led2 led2 current v in = 20.0 v, v led2 = 20.0 v 40.4 47 .0 53.6 ma i led3 led3 current v in = 20.0 v, v led3 = 35.0 v 78.2 86 .0 93.8 ma i led4 led4 current v in = 20.0 v, v led4 = 20.0 v 87.8 96 .0 104.2 ma over-temperature protection t otp otp temperature (7) 170 c leakage current i led1- lk led1 leakage current v led1 = 500 v, v in = 0 v 1 a i led2- lk led2 leakage current v led2 = 500 v, v in = 0 v 1 a i led3- lk led3 leakage current v led3 = 500 v, v in = 0 v 1 a i led4- lk led4 leakage current v led4 = 200 v, v in = 0 v 1 a notes: 7. not tested in production. internal over-temperature prot ection circuitry protects the device from permanent dama ge. leds shut down at the junction temperature of t j =170c (typical.).
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 6 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver typical performance characteristics figure 4. i quies.vin vs. temperature figure 5. v dd vs. temperature figure 6. i led1 vs. temperature figure 7. i led2 vs. temperature figure 8. i led3 vs. temperature figure 9. i led4 vs. temperature 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 - 40 - 20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 normalized to 25 c temperature (oc) 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 - 40 - 20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 normalized to 25 c temperature (oc) 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 - 40 - 20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 normalized to 25 c temperature (oc) 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 - 40 - 20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 normalized to 25 c temperature (oc) 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 - 40 - 20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 normalized to 25 c temperature (oc) 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 1.01 1.02 1.03 - 40 - 20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 normalized to 25 c temperature (oc)
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 7 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver functional description the FL77904 can drive led strings attached directly to the rectified ac mains using only two external rc components (r cs and c vdd ) . with 4 integrated high voltage current sink, led current in each string is precisely controlled with system compactness. high pf and low thd are obtained by the optimized current sink levels. phase-cut dimming is easily obtained with wide dimming range and good dimmer compatibility. flicker index in the direct ac drive topology can be improved by adopting proprietary self valley-fill solution. operation when the rectified ac line voltage, v in , is higher than the forward voltage of the consecutive led groups , each led group turns on automatically as the corresponding current sink has enough voltage headroom across it. each current sink increases up to the predefined current level and maintains th e level until the following channel current sink gets enough voltage headroom across it. ac line voltage (v in ) led current (i f ) i led1 i led2 i led3 i led4 t d1 t d2 t d3 t d4 t d3 t d2 t d1 v f1 v f1 '+v f2 v f1 ''+v f2 '+v f3 v f1 '''+v f2 ''+v f3 '+v f4 t d1 : current is directed to led1 pin through 1 st led group. t d2 : current is directed to led2 pin through 1 st and 2 nd led groups. t d3 : current is directed to led3 pin through 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd led groups. t d4 : current is directed to led4 pin through 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th led groups. v f1 /v f1 '/v f1 ''/v f1 ''': forward voltage at forward current of i led1 /i led2 /i led3 /i led4 in 1 st led group. v f2 /v f2 '/v f2 '': forward voltage at forward current of i led2 /i led3 /i led4 in 2 nd led group. v f3 /v f3 ': forward voltage at forward current of i led3 /i led4 in 3 rd led group. v f4 : forward voltage at forward current of i led4 in 4 th led group. figure 10. FL77904 operation when v in reaches the forward voltage across the 1st led group (v f1 ) at forward current i f = i led1 , the current drawn from the v in is directed to the led1 through the 1st led group. in sequence, when v in reaches forward voltage across the 1st and 2nd led groups (v f1 '+v f2 ) at i f = i led2 , the current is directed to led2 across the 1st and 2nd led groups. then, when v in reaches v f1 ''+v f2 '+v f3 at i f =i led3 , the led current go through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd led groups and sinks to the led3. finally, when v in reaches v f1 '''+v f2 ''+v f3 '+v f4 at i f =i led4 , the current goes through all 4 led groups and is directed to the led4. whenever the active channel (one that is sinking led current) is changed from one channel to the adjacent channel with respect to the change in the v in , the new active channel's current increases gradually while the existing active channel's current decreases gradually. this smooth current transition reduces frequency harmonic contents and improves power factor as well as electromagnetic interference (emi) characteristics. by fully utilizing available headroom, the FL77904 offers high efficiency, power factor and low harmonic distortion. typically, power factor is higher than 0.98 and thd is lower than 20 %. the efficiency heavily depends on a led configuration. led current and power setting the led current is managed by an external current sense resistor r cs . regulation target of each channel's current sink is calculated as follows. , 47 .0 , 23 .0 2 1 cs led cs led r i r i ? ? . 96 .0 and , 86 .0 4 3 cs led cs led r i r i ? ? (1) root-mean-square (rms) value of the input current can be calculated using the peak regulated current, i led4 , and crest factor. since the led current waveform is similar to the ac line voltage, the crest factor is close to the crest factor of a s ine wave, 2=1.414. but the actual crest factor depends on the flattened time of the i led4 and led configuration. with FL77904, the typical crest factor is approximately 1.35. thus, based on estimated input power, p in , the r cs resistor value can be calculated as follows. in rms ac cs p v r ? ? ? 35 .1 96 .0 . (2) the actual r cs needs to be adjusted with respect to the led configuration. led configuration in the led configuration, it is required to increase the total led forward voltage to improve efficiency. for example, compared to using 4 leds with v f of 60 v (total v f = 60 v x 4 channels = 240 v) for each led group, using 4 leds with v f equal to 65 v (total v f = 65 v x 4 channels = 260 v) will improve the efficiency simply due to the higher total v f . each led channel can have different v f . for example, if a design is implemented with 144 pieces of 3-v leds for replacement of 2-f ee t fluorescent lamp, designer can assign flexible numbers of leds for led channels such as 25s2p-32s2p-6s2p- 18s1p (s stands for leds in series and p stands for leds in parallel) or 18s2p - 18s2p-18s 2p -36s1p. in any led structure, v f of first led group should be higher than vin- pin turn- on voltage, which is 20 v. if the v f of the first led group is configured to be lower than vin- pin turn-on voltage, i led1 will not have the correct regulation level when input voltage, v in , is just exceeds the v f .
? 2016 fairchild semiconductor corporation www.fairchildsemi.com FL77904 ? rev. 1. 1 8 FL77904 phase-cut dimmable compact led direct ac driver a good starting point for choosing a led configuration is to have about 260 v~ 280 v of the total v f for 220 v ac mains and 130 v~ 140 v of the total v f for 120 v ac . internal shunt regulator output, v dd the system implemented with FL77904 does not require a bulk capacitor after bridge-rectification diodes . as a result, the v dd , which supplies biasing voltage for the FL77904, has voltage ripple like the rectification voltage after the bridge diodes as shown in figure 11. v in v dd v dd valley figure 11. v dd ripple without c vdd the v dd ripple can be reduced by a bypassing capacitor, c vdd . if the c vdd is not used, or its value is small, the v dd voltage fluctuates and goes even down to 0 v. it makes the FL77904 reset, but the FL77904 automatically restarts every cycle when the ac line voltage reaches a certain level. general design suggestion is to add c vdd for noise filtering. the recommended c vdd value is 1 f with 50 v of voltage rating. over-temperature protection (otp) the FL77904 provides over temperature protection (otp) inherently. when the driver's junction temperature exceeds a specified threshold temperature (t j = 170c), the driver will shut down automatically and recover once the temperature drops lower enough than the internal threshold temperature. without this protection, the lifetime of the FL77904 can be reduced and irreparable damage can occur. good thermal management is required to achieve best performance and long life span of the FL77904.
3.20 2.30 1.27 0.65 1.75 5.60 0.700.60 1.501.25 1.75 max 0.250.05 c 5.104.70 4.103.70 6.205.80 1.27 0.510.31 pin #1 a b 3.452.09 2.562.05 0.250.10 b 0.500.25 1.05 0.25 80 0.900.40 top view front view side view land pattern recommendation notes: a. no industry standard applies to this package b. all dimensions are in millimeters c. dimensions do not include mold flash or burrs d. drawing filename: mkt-m08frev2 bottom view 1 4 5 8 1 4 5 8 detail b scale 2:1 0.10 c 0.25 m c b a
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